Claims You Can Back

Published · Last reviewed

Make only claims you can show proof for, and put the proof in the same place as the claim, with its limits. Pornpitakpan’s (2004) review of five decades of research found that high-credibility sources generally persuade better than low-credibility ones, and also that credibility can work against persuasion under some conditions. Attach a record to every number, so the claim holds up when a buyer checks it.

Durable practice (not new). This is established communication practice, not a discovery or a trend.

What it fixes

A claim the buyer cannot check, which asks them to take your word at the moment they have the most reason to doubt it. Unsupported superlatives, best-case results shown as typical, and urgency that is not real all send the buyer looking for what you left out.

Tactics that fail the disclosure test, and the version that passes:

How to run it

  1. List every claim on your page, ad or pitch that a buyer could check: numbers, rankings, “best” and “fastest”, customer results, awards, deadlines and stock levels.
  2. For each one, find the proof you hold: who measured it, when, across how many cases, and where the record sits. If you cannot find it, cut the claim or narrow it to what you can show.
  3. Place the proof beside the claim: a link, a footnote, a named customer who agreed, or the method in one sentence.
  4. State the limits beside the result: the group measured, the period, and what the number does not cover.
  5. Offer the buyer a way to check you, such as the underlying data or a reference they can call.

“Here is the number, here is where it comes from, and here is what it does not cover.”

Say it out loud

The sentence that announces the practice:

“I will show you where each number comes from, so you can check it rather than take my word.”

It still works when the buyer knows what you are doing, because checking is exactly what they are invited to do. A claim that survives a buyer who checks needs no concealment, and a buyer who can check has less reason to discount the rest of what you say.

Profile translations

How to tell it worked (within 24 hours)

Action
Send your three strongest claims to a colleague outside the team and ask them to find the proof within two minutes.
Why
Proof that only its author can find does not help a buyer.
Verification
They locate each record without asking you where it is.
Action
Listen on your next call for how doubt is voiced after you give a figure.
Why
A checkable claim invites a request for the evidence, and an uncheckable one invites a challenge.
Verification
The buyer asks to see the data or to call the reference, in place of repeating that it sounds too good. Profile D
Action
Scan your pages for every timer, deadline and stock message.
Why
Each one is a claim about the world that has a record behind it or does not.
Verification
Each matches a date or an inventory figure you can show on request.

Failure signs: stop if you see these

  • The proof sits two clicks away from the claim, or in type too small to read.
  • The customer in your testimonial has not agreed to be quoted.
  • You quote your best result without saying it is the best.
  • The figure comes from an older version of the product.
  • A deadline passes and the offer is still available.

Why it works, and how strong the evidence is

Evidence. A narrative review of five decades of empirical research on source credibility and persuasion. The abstract reports no pooled effect size: Not reported. The review is about source credibility in general. It did not test attaching proof to claims, which is this page’s application of the idea. I read the abstract, not the full text.

Pornpitakpan (2004, Journal of Applied Social Psychology) reviewed empirical work on how the credibility of a message source affects persuasion. Studies that tested credibility on its own generally favored a high-credibility source over a low-credibility one. Studies that tested credibility alongside other variables showed that credibility can be a liability under certain conditions. The variables that interact with it fall into five groups: source, message, channel, receiver and destination, with message and receiver variables the most researched.

Because the effect depends on context, nothing on this page promises that proof will raise agreement. The case for the practice is the disclosure test: a claim with proof beside it still works when the buyer knows exactly what you did, because the buyer is invited to verify it.

The cost of the opposite is visible in practice. Mathur and colleagues (2019) crawled about 11,000 shopping sites and, among other things, examined countdown timers: they judged 157 instances on 140 sites deceptive because the timer reset or the offer stayed valid after it expired. They also found testimonials of uncertain origin, and low-stock messages that they judged deceptive in 17 of 632 instances. Those counts describe what the crawl found on those sites, not how often buyers are persuaded by such messages.

Worked example

An illustration, with invented figures.

Before

Cuts reporting time by 60%. Trusted by the best teams. Only 2 spots left this month.

After

In a pilot with 14 finance teams from March to June, median monthly reporting time fell from 11 hours to 6, measured from time logs the teams exported (method and data on request). Three teams saw no change. We admit 10 teams a quarter because that is our onboarding capacity; 2 places remain for Q4.

The after version names the group, the period, the measure and the exception, and turns the scarcity line into a fact the seller can show. It is longer and less punchy, which is the trade. Watch for the pull to delete the exception sentence in the next edit; it is the part that makes the rest believable.

Frequently asked questions

Does adding proof make claims more persuasive?

Not reported. Pornpitakpan’s review found that the effect of credibility depends on conditions, and it did not test attaching proof to claims. The reason to do it is that the claim then survives a buyer who checks.

What counts as proof?

A record the buyer could in principle inspect: the measurement and who made it, a ranking with its compiler and date, a named customer who agreed, or your inventory count. An internal belief does not count.

Can I show a best-case result?

Yes, if you say it is the best case and show the range beside it. Presenting it as typical fails the disclosure test.

Are countdown timers allowed?

A timer tied to a real deadline, shown with the end date, is a statement of fact. A timer that resets while the offer stays available is a false claim.

What if I cannot find the proof for an old claim?

Cut it or narrow it to what you can show. A smaller claim you can support is worth more than a larger one you cannot.